Iron deficiency anemia among kindergarten children living in the marginalized areas of Gaza Strip, Palestine.

BACKGROUND: iron deficiency anemia is the most common type of nutritional anemia; it has been recognized as an important health problem in Palestine. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and to identify possible risk factors of iron deficiency anemia among kindergarten children living in the marginalized areas of the Gaza Strip and to evaluate the effectiveness of supplementing oral iron formula in the anemic children. METHODS: the study included 735 (384 male and 351 female) kindergarten children. Data was collected by questionnaire interviews, anthropometric measurements, and complete blood count analysis. All iron deficient anemic children were treated using an oral iron formula (50 mg ferrous carbonate + 100 mg vitamin C /5 mL) and the complete blood count was reassessed after three months. A univariate analysis and a multiple logistic regression model were constructed; crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR), and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. RESULTS: the overall prevalence of iron deficiency anemia was 33.5% with no significant differences between boys and girls. Significantly different prevalences of iron deficiency anemia were reported between different governorates of the Gaza Strip. Governorate, low education level of the parents and smoking are significant risk factors for children developing anemia. Significantly lower complete blood count parameters, except for WBC, were reported in anemic children. The oral iron treatment significantly improved hemoglobin concentrations, and normalized the iron deficiency marker. CONCLUSIONS: iron deficiency anemia is a serious health problem among children living in the marginalized areas of the Gaza Strip, which justifies the necessity for national intervention programs to improve the health status for the less fortunate development areas.

Iron deficiency anemia among kindergarten children living in the marginalized areas of Gaza Strip, Palestine

Background: iron deficiency anemia is the most common type of nutritional anemia; it has been recognized as an important health problem in Palestine. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and to identify possible risk factors of iron deficiency anemia among kindergarten children living in the marginalized areas of the Gaza Strip and to evaluate the effectiveness of supplementing oral iron formula in the anemic children. Methods: the study included 735 (384 male and 351 female) kindergarten children. Data was collected by questionnaire interviews, anthropometric measurements, and complete blood count analysis. All iron deficient anemic children were treated using an oral iron formula (50 mg ferrous carbonate + 100 mg vitamin C /5 mL) and the complete blood count was reassessed after three months. A univariate analysis and a multiple logistic regression model were constructed; crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR), and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. Results: the overall prevalence of iron deficiency anemia was 33.5% with no significant differences between boys and girls. Significantly different prevalences of iron deficiency anemia were reported between different governorates of the Gaza Strip. Governorate, low education level of the parents and smoking are significant risk factors for children developing anemia. Significantly lower complete blood count parameters, except for WBC, were reported in anemic children. The oral iron treatment significantly improved hemoglobin concentrations, and normalized the iron deficiency marker. Conclusions: iron deficiency anemia is a serious health problem among children living in the marginalized areas of the Gaza Strip, which justifies the necessity for national intervention programs to improve the health status for the less fortunate development areas.

Tratamento da anemia ferropriva com ferro por via oral: [revisão] / Treatment of iron deficiency anemia with oral iron: [review]

A anemia ferropriva permanece como uma das deficiências nutricionais mais frequentes e importantes no mundo. O tratamento com ferro deve ser iniciado preferencialmente por via oral e a investigação apropriada de sua causa é obrigatória. Os autores discutem os compostos com ferro atualmente disponíveis, o perfil de eficácia, segurança e tolerabilidade desses medicamentos, e o plano terapêutico mais adequado possível para o sucesso no tratamento dessa doença tão comum e importante.

Iron deficiency anemia remains one of the commonest and most important nutritional deficiencies in the world today. The treatment of iron deficiency should preferably be initiated with oral iron; an appropriate investigation of the cause of iron deficiency anemia is mandatory. The authors discuss the currently available iron preparations as well as their efficacy, safety and tolerability and the optimal therapeutic plan to successfully treat this common and important disease.

Tratamento da anemia ferropriva com ferro por via parenteral: [revisão] / Iron deficiency anemia treatment with parenteral iron: [review]

Embora o ferro por via oral seja considerado a primeira opção de tratamento da deficiência de ferro, em algumas situações específicas, a administração de ferro por via parenteral é uma opção terapêutica que deve ser considerada. Diferentemente do ferro dextran de alto peso molecular utilizado na década de 80 e lembrado como um composto associado ao alto risco de reação anafilática e morte, o desenvolvimento e comercialização de novos compostos com ferro para uso parenteral, sobretudo por via endovenosa - como o ferro sacarato, ferro gluconato e, mais recentemente, a carboximaltose férrica - , tem se tornado cada vez mais uma alternativa terapêutica segura e efetiva, e tem possibilitado ampliar o leque de indicações desta modalidade de tratamento além da nefrologia, como obstetrícia e ginecologia, cirurgia, pediatria, gastroenterologia, hematologia e hemoterapia. Os autores revisam as principais indicações do tratamento com ferro por via parenteral, analisam as principais drogas disponíveis para a correção da anemia ferropriva por via endovenosa e propõem uma estratégia de investigação diagnóstica, tratamento e seguimento laboratorial dos pacientes com indicação desta opção terapêutica.

Although oral iron is generally considered the first choice in the treatment of iron deficiency, in some specific situations, parenteral iron administration is a therapeutic option that should be considered. Different to the high-molecular-weight iron dextran utilized in the eighties and remembered as a compound associated with a high risk of anaphylaxis and death, the development and marketing of newer preparations for parenteral, in particular endovenous, administration, such as iron sucrose, ferric gluconate and more recently ferric carboxymaltose, are becoming a more effective and safe therapeutic alternative, that have extended the range of indications beyond nephrology to obstetrics and gynecology, surgery, pediatrics, gastroenterology, hematology and hemotherapy. The authors review the main indications of parenteral iron treatment, analyse the drugs available for the correction of iron deficiency anemia by intravenous iron administration and propose a new strategy of diagnostic investigation, treatment and laboratory follow up of the patient with indication for this therapeutic option.

Efetividade superior do esquema diário de suplementação de ferro em lactentes / Greater effectiveness of daily iron supplementation scheme in infants

Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade de esquemas, diário e semanal, de suplementação profilática de ferro medicamentoso na prevenção da anemia ferropriva em lactentes não anêmicos. Métodos: Estudo populacional, prospectivo, de abordagem quantitativa com intervenção profilática, realizado no município de Viçosa, MG, em 2007/8. Foram selecionadas 103 crianças não anêmicas, entre seis e 18 meses de idade, correspondendo a 20,2 por cento das crianças cadastradas e atendidas pelas Equipes de Saúde da Família. As crianças foram divididas em dois grupos de suplementação: dosagem diária recomendada pela Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria (grupo 1, n=34) e dosagem semanal preconizada pelo Ministério da Saúde (grupo 2, n=69). As avaliações ocorreram no início do estudo e após seis meses, sendo realizadas dosagem de hemoglobina (ß-hemoglobinômetro portátil), avaliação antropométrica e dietética, e aplicação de questionário socioeconômico. Os indicadores de impacto utilizados foram a prevalência de anemia, variação de hemoglobina, adesão e efeitos adversos aos suplementos. Resultados: Os grupos se mostraram homogêneos quanto às variáveis socioeconômicas, biológicas e de saúde anteriores à intervenção. Após seis meses de suplementação, observaram-se maiores médias de hemoglobina no grupo 1 em relação ao grupo 2, (11,66; DP=1,25 e 10,95; DP=1,41, respectivamente, p=0,015); além de menores prevalências de anemia (20,6 por cento e 43,5 por cento, respectivamente, p=0,04). Apenas o tempo de suplementação influenciou na anemia grave (p=0,009). Não foram encontradas diferenças estatisticamente significantes para as variáveis adesão ao suplemento e efeitos adversos. Conclusões: A dosagem diária recomendada pela Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria mostrou-se mais efetiva na prevenção da anemia em lactentes, quando comparada à dosagem utilizada pelo Ministério da Saúde. A dosagem semanal recomendada pelo programa do governo brasileiro precisa ser reavaliada para aumentar...

Anemia ferropênica no adulto: causas, diagnóstico e tratamento: [revisão] / Iron deficiency anaemia in the adult: causes, diagnosis and treatment: [review]

A deficiência de ferro, especificamente a anemia ferropênica, permanece como uma das deficiências nutricionais mais frequentes e importantes no mundo. Este artigo revisa as principais causas de anemia ferropênica, os atuais métodos de investigação diagnóstica e as estratégias de prevenção. O tratamento com ferro deve ser iniciado sempre por via oral, e a investigação apropriada de sua causa é obrigatória; quando houver falha nesse tratamento por causa de grande perda de sangue, má absorção do ferro ou intolerância a ele, o tratamento por via parenteral deve ser considerado. Os autores discutem os compostos com ferro atualmente disponíveis, o perfil de eficácia, segurança e tolerabilidade desses medicamentos, e o plano terapêutico ideal para o sucesso no tratamento dessa doença tão comum e importante.

Iron deficiency, and especifically iron deficiency anaemia, remains one of the commonest and most important nutritional deficiencies in the world today. This article reviews the main causes of iron deficiency anaemia, the current diagnostic methods and prevention strategies of iron deficiency. The treatment of iron deficiency should always be initiated with oral iron and an investigation of the cause of iron deficiency anaemia is mandatory. When oral iron therapy fails due to high blood losses, iron malabsorption or intolerance to oral iron, parenteral iron administration should be considered. The authors discuss available iron preparations, their efficacy, safety and tolerability, and the optimal therapeutic approach to successfully treat this common and important disease.

The relationship between infection of helicobacter pylori and iron deficiency anemia / 中国基层医药

Objective To investigate the relationship between infection of helicobaeter pylori(Hp) and iron deficiency anemia(IDA) and to explore effective clinical treatments for patients with Hp associated IDA . Method 1. The Hp infection ratio of 40 chronic gastritis with IDA and 42 patients without IDA were counted up respectively. 2. 36 patients with Hp-positive chronic gastritis were divided into two groups randomly. One group was treated by using Hp eradication therapy in conjunction with oral iron supplement and the other using iron supplement only. The hema-tological parameters before and after treatment are measured and the effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated. Re-sult The Hp infection ratio in chronic gastritis patients with IDA is |figher than that in patients without IDA and the difference is significant. After Hp eradication therapy in conjunction with iron supplement Hb. serum iron and serum ferritin level in Hp associated IDA patients are increased significantly while that for patients treated by using iron sup-plement only have no significant improvement. Conclusion It appears that Hp infection may be related to IDA. When iron supplement treatment has no obvious effect to an IDA patient,lt may suggest a ease of Hp associated IDA. The i-ton supplement treatment has positive effects to IDA patients after Hp eradication.